E32-S3 no DAC - No Problem! We'll Use PDM In this post, I tackle the lack of a DAC on the ESP32-S3 by demonstrating how to use Pulse Density Modulated (PDM) audio with Sigma Delta Modulation to achieve analog audio output. I explore the simplicity of creating a PDM signal and its reconstruction into an audio signal using a low pass filter, even an RC filter, though a more sophisticated active filter is recommended. I guide through using both a timer and the I2S peripheral on the ESP32 for outputting PDM data, noting the quirks and solutions for each method. And I wrap up with how straight PDM signals... 05 January 2024